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ONE GOD

ONE GOD - THREE HOLY BOOKS - SAME MESSAGE

Comparing: Judaism - Christianity - Islam

Topic/Question

Torah (T)

Bible (B)

Quran (Q)

Q1: Number of times it states "there is only One God."

#1: Mentioned 8 -12 times. "God is One."

#1: Mentioned 3 - 7 times by Jesus Christ directly "The Lord is One."

#1: Mentioned explicitly 50+ times. "He is One God."

Q2: Number of times it states "Whom to Worship."

#2: Mentioned 10 - 15 times. "Worship God alone and do not worship any other gods."

#2: Mentioned 25 - 35 times "Worship the Lord your God, and serve Him only."

#2: Mentioned explicitly 60 - 80 times. "You (God) alone we worship and You (God) alone we ask for help."

Q3: Idol worship: Number of times it prohibits "worshiping idols."

#3: Prohibits worshiping idols 10 - 15 times explicitly. "Do not make carved images and bow to them."

#3: Prohibits worshiping idols 50 - 70 times explicitly. "Keep yourselves from idols."

#3: Prohibits idol worship 70 - 90 times explicitly. "Do not associate anything with God."

Q4: Prophet Abraham (Ibrahim): Number of times Prophet Abraham (p.b.u.h.) is mentioned.

#4: Prophet Abraham (p.b.u.h.) is mentioned ~175 times. Father of the monotheistic faith and follower of Lord Almighty.

#4: Prophet Abram (p.b.u.h) is mentioned 300 + times. Patriarch of the monotheistic faith and obedience to the One true God.

#4: Prophet Ibrahim (p.b.u.h) is mentioned 69 times, second to Moses (p.b.u.h.). Father of monotheism and devotion to God.

Q5: Prophet Noah: Number of times Prophet Noah (p.b.u.h.) is mentioned.

#5: Prophet Noah (p.b.u.h.) is mentioned ~ 46 times. Warner of the great flood (ark), preacher of repentance and worship of One God. 

#5: Prophet Noah (p.b.u.h) is mentioned 50 + times. Warner of the great flood (ark), preacher of repentance and worship of One God. 

#5: Prophet Noah (p.b.u.h) is mentioned 43 times. Warner of the great flood (ark), preacher of repentance and worship of One God. 

Q6: Prophet Adam: Number of times Prophet Adam (p.b.u.h.) is mentioned.

#6: Prophet Adam (p.b.u.h.) is mentioned ~ 30 times. First human created by God and first recipient of God's command. 

#6: Prophet Adam (p.b.u.h) is mentioned 35 + times. First human created by God and first recipient of God's command.

#6: Prophet Adam (p.b.u.h) is mentioned 25 times. First human created by God and first recipient of God's command. 

Three Holy Books define Idols as:

  • Statues

  • Carved images

  • Figures of wood, stone, silver, metal or gold

  • Crafted objects

  • Symbolic images

  • Material objects worshipped as divine

Miracles of God

Miracles Performed in the Holy Books

Prophet Moses - Prophet Jesus - Prophet Muhammad

(Peace Be Upon Them)

Prophets & Holy Books

TORAH
(Judaism)

BIBLE
(Christianity)

QURAN
(Islam)


Prophet Moses
(p.b.u.h.)

  • Staff turns into Serpent

  • Hand becomes leprous (shining sign)

  • Plagues sent as signs

  • Red Sea parted

  • Water from rock

  • Food provided miraculously

  • Staff turns into Serpent

  • Hand becomes leprous (shining sign)

  • Plagues sent as signs

  • Red Sea parted

  • Water from rock

  • Food provided miraculously

  • Staff turns into Serpent

  • Hand becomes leprous (shining sign)

  • Plagues sent as signs

  • Red Sea parted

  • Water from rock

  • Food provided miraculously


Prophet Jesus (p.b.u.h.)



Messiah Jesus Christ (p.b.u.h.) is not mentioned in the Torah (Old Testament)

  • Immaculate Conception (virgin birth)

  • Healing the sick, blind and lepers

  • Raising the dead

  • Crucified on the cross

  • Will be resurrected as the Savior of mankind

  • Immaculate Conception (virgin birth)

  • Healing the sick, blind and lepers

  • Raising the dead

  • Crucified on the cross

  • Will be resurrected as the Savior of mankind

  • Spoke as an infant (baby) to protect his Mother, Mary

Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h.)

Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h.) is not mentioned in the Torah (Old Testament)

  • He will speak the Truth from what the Holy Spirit tells him (helper)

  • Revelation of the Holy Quran

  • Word of Truth brought by Angel Gabriel (Holy Spirit)

  • Quran protected by God

PROPHETS OF GOD

History of the Messengers

In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth. He separated light from darkness and created everything within them. Then God created man from dust and breathed into him the breath of life. Prophet Adam (peace be upon him) was the first Prophet, and man God created.

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God commanded all the angels to prostrate before Adam and show obeisance to him. All obeyed except one, Iblis (Lucifer Morningstar). Iblees refused to bow, claiming he was superior because he was created from fire while Adam was created from clay. Because of his arrogance and disobedience, Iblees was cast out from God's favor. He became the chief tempter of humanity and came to be known as the Devil.

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God then created a companion for Prophet Adam (p.b.u.h.) from his own body, and she was known as Eve.

 

From that moment, the Devil's goal became to turn mankind away from God's commands and lead them down his own path of evil instead. In His mercy, God sent thousands of Prophets, Messengers, and righteous servants to deliver His message to humanity. Their message remained the same throughout the generations: There is only One True God, and He alone is worthy of worship.

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Prophet Noah (Nuh) (peace be upon him) is one of the most revered prophets in the monotheistic religions. He was sent by God to guide his people back to righteousness after they had fallen into corruption, idolatry, and disobedience. For many years, Prophet Noah (p.b.u.h.) faithfully called his people to worship the One True God and abandon their sinful ways. Despite his patience and perseverance, only a small number believed his message while the majority mocked and rejected him. By God's command, Prophet Noah (p.b.u.h.) built a great Ark to prepare for a catastrophic flood that would serve as divine judgment upon the wicked. He gathered the believers, his family members who accepted God's message, and pairs of every animal onto the Ark. When the floodwaters covered the earth, the Ark became a symbol of God's mercy, preserving life and allowing humanity to begin anew after the waters receded.

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Across Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, Prophet Noah (p.b.u.h.) is remembered as a model of faith, obedience, patience, and steadfast devotion to God. His story serves as a timeless reminder that truth is not determined by the size of the crowd, and that those who remain faithful to God during times of corruption will ultimately find His protection and mercy.

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Prophet Abraham (Ibrahim) (peace be upon him) is regarded as the father of monotheism and one of the greatest prophets in history. His life was marked by unwavering faith, obedience to God, and a relentless search for truth. Born into a society steeped in idol worship, Prophet Abraham (p.b.u.h.) questioned the beliefs of his people from a young age. Through reflection and divine guidance, he came to recognize that neither idols, celestial bodies, nor any created thing were worthy of worship. Instead, he devoted himself entirely to the One True God, openly calling others to do the same. Because of his beliefs, Prophet Abraham (p.b.u.h.) faced persecution from his own people and rulers. Yet he remained steadfast, trusting in God even when threatened with death. His faith was tested repeatedly throughout his life, including leaving his homeland, enduring years without children, and demonstrating complete submission to God's will. Prophet Abraham (p.b.u.h.) became the patriarch of a blessed lineage through his sons Prophet Isaac (p.b.u.h.) and Prophet Ishmael (p.b.u.h.), from whom many prophets would later descend. His life established the foundation of faith that would influence Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Across all three religions, he is remembered as a friend of God, a man of righteousness, and an example of complete trust in the Creator.

 

 

Prophet Moses (Musa) (peace be upon him) was chosen by God to lead His people. Prophet Moses (p.b.u.h.) became a symbol of faith, justice, courage, and divine guidance. Born during a time of oppression, Prophet Moses (p.b.u.h.) was saved as an infant and raised in the household of a ruler who sought to control and enslave his people. As he grew older, God called him to a prophetic mission and commanded him to confront tyranny, deliver His message, and lead the Children of Israel to freedom. Armed with faith rather than worldly power, Prophet Moses (p.b.u.h.) stood before kings and rulers, calling them to recognize the authority of the One True God. Through God's permission, he was granted signs and miracles that demonstrated divine power and affirmed his mission. Despite immense resistance, he remained steadfast in his duty and eventually led his people out of bondage toward a new beginning. Throughout his life, Prophet Moses (p.b.u.h.) served as a lawgiver, teacher, judge, and shepherd to his people. He received divine revelation and guidance, teaching obedience to God, justice, compassion, and personal responsibility. Though he faced countless challenges, complaints, and hardships, he continued to place his trust in God and fulfill his mission with patience and determination.

 

Across Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, Prophet Moses (p.b.u.h.) is remembered as one of God's greatest messengers, a leader who stood against oppression, defended the weak, and dedicated his life to guiding people toward righteousness and the worship of God alone.

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Prophet Solomon (Suliman) (peace be upon him) is remembered as a prophet, king, and judge blessed by God with extraordinary wisdom. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest rulers in the monotheistic traditions, known for governing with justice, knowledge, and devotion to God. The son of Prophet David (p.b.u.h.), Prophet Solomon (p.b.u.h.) inherited both leadership and a deep commitment to serving God. Rather than seeking wealth or power for himself, he prayed for wisdom so that he could govern his people fairly and distinguish truth from falsehood. God granted him exceptional understanding, making his wisdom renowned throughout the world. Under Prophet Solomon's leadership, his kingdom flourished in peace and prosperity. He became known for resolving disputes with fairness, protecting the vulnerable, and ensuring that justice prevailed. According to the religious traditions, God also blessed him with unique gifts and abilities that demonstrated divine favor and reinforced his role as a servant of God. Despite possessing great wealth, authority, and influence, Prophet Solomon (p.b.u.h.) recognized that all blessings ultimately belonged to God. He continually expressed gratitude and understood that power was a responsibility, not a privilege. His life serves as a reminder that wisdom and humility are far more valuable than riches and status.

 

Across Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, Prophet Solomon (p.b.u.h.) is remembered as a symbol of wise leadership, sound judgment, and faithful stewardship. His legacy teaches that true greatness comes not from what one possesses, but from how one uses God's blessings to serve others and uphold justice.

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Messiah Jesus Christ (Isa) (peace be upon him) is one of the most revered and influential messengers in human history. Over five billion people across the world honor him as the Messiah and Messenger of God who called people to righteousness, compassion, humility, and devotion to the One True God. Jesus Christ (p.b.u.h.), son of Mary, was born through an immaculate conception by the Will of God. The Messiah Jesus Christ (Isa) (p.b.u.h.) was sent to guide his people back to faith and obedience.

 

From an early age, Messiah Jesus (Isa) (p.b.u.h.) displayed wisdom beyond his years and dedicated his life to teaching God's message. He called people to repent, seek forgiveness, care for the poor and vulnerable, and place their trust in God rather than worldly wealth and status. Throughout his life, Messiah Jesus Christ (p.b.u.h.) preached love, mercy, and justice. He challenged hypocrisy, defended the oppressed, and reminded people that true righteousness comes from sincerity of heart and devotion to God. By God's permission, he performed many signs and miracles, including healing the sick and raising the dead, that strengthened the faith of believers and demonstrated God's Power and Mercy. Despite facing rejection, opposition, and persecution, Messiah Jesus Christ (Isa) (p.b.u.h.) remained steadfast in his mission. He taught forgiveness over revenge, humility over pride, and faith over fear. Our Messiah Jesus Christ (Isa) (p.b.u.h.) was oppressed, persecuted, arrested, and tortured by the nonbelievers. His sacrifices for humanity is destined to lead to his resurrection and he will return as the Savior of humankind. His message inspired countless people to seek a closer relationship with God and to treat others with compassion and kindness. Despite being crucified, Messiah Jesus Christ (Isa) (p.b.u.h.) never died and he will be resurrected and brought back to save humankind. 

 

In both Christianity, and Islam, Messiah Jesus Christ (Isa) (p.b.u.h) is recognized as a remarkable servant of God whose life exemplified faith, obedience, and selflessness. For billions of believers, he remains a source of hope, guidance, spiritual inspiration, and Savior of mankind.

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Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was the final prophet sent by God to reaffirm the message that had been delivered through earlier prophets, including Prophet Adam, Prophet Noah, Prophet Abraham, Prophet Moses, and Prophet Jesus Christ (peace be upon them). Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h.) was the descendant of Prophet Ishmael (p.b.u.h.), son of Hagar (p.b.u.h.) and Prophet Abraham (p.b.u.h.).

 

Prophet Muhammad was born in Arabia during a time of tribal conflict, social injustice, and widespread idol worship, Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h.) was known among his people for his honesty, integrity, and trustworthiness. As he matured, he often withdrew for reflection and prayer, seeking wisdom and understanding about the purpose of life and humanity's relationship with God. God chose Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h.) to receive divine revelation through Angel Gabriel and call people back to the worship of the One True God. He preached monotheism, personal accountability, charity, compassion, justice, and care for the poor, the orphaned, and the vulnerable. His message challenged deeply rooted social and religious practices, leading to opposition and persecution from many of his contemporaries. Despite hardship, rejection, and personal loss, Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h.) remained committed to his mission. He taught that true success comes not through wealth or status, but through faith, good character, and service to others. Through his leadership, communities were encouraged to establish justice, resolve disputes peacefully, and strengthen bonds of brotherhood and compassion.

 

The revelations received by Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h.) were preserved in the Holy Quran and serve as guidance for spiritual, moral, and social life. His example continues to inspire believers to seek righteousness, humility, patience, and devotion to God.

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Similarities Between

JUDAISM - CHRISTIANITY - ISLAM

TORAH
(Judaism)

Comparisons

BIBLE
(Christianity)

QURAN
(Islam)

Language

Hebrew

Aramaic

Arabic

Written

Right to Left

Right to Left

Right to Left

Left to Right:
English, Latin, Greek, Italian and most other languages

Name of God

Elohim (or Yahweh)

Alaha (Aramaic)

Allah (Arabic)

Phrase:
Peace be with you

שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם
Shalom Aleichem

ܫܠܡܐ ܥܠܝܟ
Shlama ‘Alakh

ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ
As-salāmu ʿalaykum

Phrase: God is one

Elohim Echad

Alaha Had

Allah Wahid

EATING PORK (Swine)

Eating Swine (Pork)

Explicitly Prohibited in Judaism - Old Testament. Food that could be eaten and food that were prohibited were clearly defined in the Five Books of Moses.

Explicitly Prohibited in the Old Testament. Changed in the New Testament by Peter & Paul the Apostle, which was after Messiah Jesus Christ (p.b.u.h.). He did not eat pork.

Strictly Prohibited in Islam. The Holy Quran redefined the prohibition of eating pork as many people became relaxed about it. God strictly prohibited it once again.

Reason for the relaxed dietary around pork was attributed to Prophet Jesus Christ (p.b.u.h.) stating himself in Mark 7:15 -- "There is nothing outside a person that by going into him can defile him, but the things that come out of a person are what defile him". 

Personal Interpretation: Prophet Jesus Christ (p.b.u.h.) was not referring to food of any kind (otherwise everything would be okay to eat). He may have been referring to words (or insults). It is not what goes into your ear that defiles you, but what comes out of your mouth. Insults or curses directed at you do not defile you, but if you insult or curse someone, that is what defiles a person. He goes on to list some of those attributes subsequently when asked to clarify. He was definitely not referring to what comes out of our bodies after we eat any type of food.  

Prophet Jesus Christ (p.b.u.h.) did not eat pork. In fact, none of the prophets have ever been recorded eating pork, including Prophet Abraham (Ibrahim) (p.b.u.h.) and Prophet Noah (p.b.u.h.). It may have been forbidden from the time of Prophet Adam (p.b.u.h.) and Eve. The change is often associated with later interpretations by Peter the Apostle (p.b.u.h.) and Paul the Apostle (p.b.u.h.) (years after the crucifixion), which is why the prohibition was strictly emphasized in the Holy Quran.

USURY (Interest on Loans)

Definition: The practice of lending money and charging interest, particularly at an excessive or unfair rate that exploits the borrower.

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At it's core, usury is viewed as making money from another person's hardship rather through productive work, trade, or investments. 

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In the monotheistic religions, usury refers to ANY interest charged on loans, especially when the borrower was in need or distressed.

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Judaism: The Torah prohibits charging interest to fellow Israelites who are in need.

 

"If you lend money to any of MY people with you who is poor, you shall not be to him as a creditor, and you shall not exact interest from him." (Exodus) 

 

"You shall not charge interest on loans to your brother." (Deuteronomy)

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---If you lend money to the poor, do not charge interest. (Exodus 22:25)

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---Do not take interest, but fear your GOD. (Leviticus 25 : 36-37)

Christianity: The Bible prohibits lending expecting nothing in return, emphasizing generosity and mercy. (Luke)

 

"Lend, expecting nothing in return" (Prophet Jesus Christ, p.b.u.h.) 

 

"Righteous person in one who does not take interest unjustly." (Psalm 15:5)

Islam: Islam contains the strongest and most explicit prohibition against usury, known as Riba.

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"God has permitted trade and forbidden usury." (Quran)

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---God has permitted trade and forbidden interest. (Surah 2:275)

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---Do not consume interest multiplied. (Surah 3:130)

The Torah, Bible, and Quran all address the issue of charging interest, particularly when lending to those in need. The Holy Books consistently emphasize fairness, compassion, and avoiding exploitation of the poor.

Charity, generosity, and ethical financial dealings are encouraged as alternatives, reflecting a shared concern for justice and care for others.

Coming Soon
InshAllah (God Willing)

Women of Monotheism
Judaism, Christianity & Islam

Introduction:

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Since the time of Prophet Adam and Eve (peace be upon them both), God entrusted women with remarkable roles in preserving faith, supporting Prophets, strengthening families, and demonstrating unwavering trust in Him. Although Prophets were chosen to deliver divine revelation, many of the greatest examples of patience, sacrifice, courage, and devotion are found in the lives of righteous women of the Abrahamic Faiths.

 

PART ONE

 

Mothers in Islam

 

In many Muslim households, it is often taught that “Paradise (Jannah) lies beneath the feet of your mother.” This saying reflects the extraordinary honor Islam places upon mothers. Muslims are encouraged to care for their mothers, love and respect them, support them, care for them if they are sick, and make their lives easier whenever possible. After devotion to Allah, no other relationship has greater importance than the bond between a person and their mother. This principle remains deeply rooted in many Muslim households.

 

In Islam, women are recognized as spiritually accountable, morally capable, and equally eligible for Allah’s Mercy and Reward. They are honored as mothers, wives, daughters, scholars, professionals, community leaders, believers, and independent servants of Allah.

 

The rights of women were established through the revelation of the Holy Quran. Women are mentioned or referred to more than 150 times throughout the Quran, reflecting their important roles within the family, the community, society, and religion.

 

Since the time of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), Muslim women have been recognized as having the right to:

  • Own and inherit property.

  • Keep and manage their own money and earnings.

  • Consent freely to marriage.

  • Receive a marriage gift, known as the Dowry (Mahr).

  • Seek knowledge and education.

  • Conduct business and engage in trade.

  • Give charity independently (Zakah).

  • In extreme circumstances, seek divorce through recognized legal processes.

  • Be a righteous leader in the community.

 

Throughout Islamic history, Muslim women have served as business owners, landowners, educators, scholars, medical professionals, and respected leaders within their communities. From the earliest days of Islam, women have made significant contributions to education, science, commerce, healthcare, charitable work, and the preservation of religious knowledge.

 

Islam places extraordinary emphasis on honoring mothers. Kindness toward parents is repeatedly commanded throughout the Holy Quran. Particular attention is given to the sacrifices a mother makes through pregnancy, childbirth, nursing, and raising her children. Few human relationships receive greater emphasis in the Abrahamic faiths than the bond between a mother and her children. Her love, sacrifice, and devotion are recognized as among the greatest blessings bestowed by Allah. Mothers hold the highest status in every Muslim family.

 

Wives are regarded as companions and partners in life; deserving of love, comfort, compassion, and support. They possess their own rights, dignity, respect, and individual identity before Allah. Marriage in Islam is founded upon mutual respect, honor, and shared success. Both husband and wife are accountable to Allah for their words, actions, and treatment of one another. The Holy Quran beautifully describes spouses as "garments for one another," symbolizing closeness, protection, comfort, dignity, and mutual support.

 

Daughters are cherished, protected, nurtured, and educated. Islam teaches that they should be treated with love, fairness, dignity, and justice. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) strongly condemned the practice of shaming daughters and promised immense reward for those who raised them with kindness, compassion, justice, and love. In Islam, daughters are considered a blessing from Allah and a treasured extension of the family, deserving of love, respect, and every opportunity to grow in faith and righteousness.

 

One of the most well-known and authentic narrations in Islam illustrates the high status of mothers. A man once asked Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), "Who is most deserving of my good companionship?" The Prophet replied, "Your mother." The man asked, "Then who?" The Prophet again replied, "Your mother." He asked a third time, and the Prophet once more answered, "Your mother." When the man asked a fourth time, the Prophet replied, "Then your father."

 

This powerful teaching emphasizes the extraordinary honor, love, support, and respect that Islam commands believers to show their mothers.

 

However, Islamic reverence must never be confused with worship. Even the most honored women are respected as righteous human beings and devoted servants of Allah. They are never regarded as divine figures or intermediaries worthy of worship. Every soul is individually accountable before Allah and will answer for the life they lived on earth.

 

Among all the righteous women honored in Islam, none is mentioned more often or held in higher esteem in the Holy Quran than Maryam (Mary) (peace be upon her), the Mother of  the Messiah Jesus Christ (peace be upon him). She is the only woman mentioned by name in the Holy Quran and is regarded as one of the greatest examples of faith, purity, humility, patience, sacrifice, and complete trust in Allah. Her remarkable life serves as an enduring inspiration to believers around the world.

Women of Monotheism
Judaism, Christianity & Islam

PART TWO

 

Blessed Among Women: Maryam (Mary) (peace be upon her)

Mother of the Messiah, Jesus Christ (Isa) (peace be upon him)

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Mary, also known as Maryam, (peace be upon her) holds a unique and honored position in the Abrahamic faiths. She is deeply revered by Christians as the mother of the Messiah, Jesus Christ (peace be upon him), and remembered as one of the most extraordinary women in human history. The Bible reflects that Mary (p.b.u.h.) was chosen by God for her humility, faithfulness, and complete obedience to His will. She exemplified compassion, courage, wisdom, and unwavering trust in Him. In Christianity, she is honored as one who is "blessed among women." (Luke 1:42).

 

In Islam, Maryam (peace be upon her) is honored not only as the mother of the Messiah, Isa (Jesus Christ) (peace be upon him), but also for her exceptional faith, purity, humility, devotion, and complete submission to Allah. The Quran honors Maryam (peace be upon her) more than any other woman, and she is the only woman mentioned by name.

 

Together, the Bible and the Quran portray her as a woman of remarkable righteousness and steadfast devotion to the One True God.

 

According to the Bible, Mary (peace be upon her) was born into a Jewish family descended from the lineage of Prophet Jacob, also known as Prophet Israel (peace be upon him). Prophet Israel (p.b.u.h.) was the son of Prophet Isaac (peace be upon him) and the grandson of Prophet Abraham (peace be upon him).

 

The New Testament does not identify the names of Mary’s parents, but according to the Quran, Mary’s mother dedicated her unborn child to the worship and service of Allah. Expecting a son, she instead gave birth to a daughter and then prayed, “I have named her Maryam.” Allah graciously accepted her dedication. (Quran 3:35–36)

 

The Quran also identifies her father as Imran (Amran) and honors the Family of Imran (Amram) as one of the families specially chosen by Allah. The Quran states: “Indeed, Allah chose Adam, Noah, the family of Abraham, and the family of Imran (Amran) above all people” (Quran 3:33). Imran was a righteous man and a descendant of Prophet Israel (Jacob) (peace be upon him). He and his wife were devoted worshippers of God.

 

Mary (p.b.u.h.) was placed under the care of Prophet Zakariya (Zacharias) (peace be upon him) after she was born. Prophet Zakariya was a righteous Prophet, a Jewish Priest, and descendant of Prophet Aaron (peace be upon him). It is documented that whenever Prophet Zakariya (p.b.u.h.) entered Mary’s (p.b.u.h.) place of worship, he found her provided with miraculous sustenance. When he asked where it had come from, Mary (p.b.u.h.) replied, “It is from Allah. Indeed, Allah provides for whom He wills without measure” (Quran 3:37).

 

From childhood, Mary (p.b.u.h.) devoted her life to the worship and service of God. She grew up in Jerusalem and spoke Aramaic, the common language of Judea and Galilee. She was also familiar with Hebrew and understood some Greek, which was widely spoken throughout the region by the Romans. Mary (p.b.u.h.) knew the Holy Scriptures in three languages. While neither the Bible nor the Quran indicates whether she could read or write, they portray her as a woman deeply grounded in the Holy Scriptures, having committed them to memory through lifelong worship, prayer, and devotion.

 

Mary (peace be upon her) dressed modestly in accordance with the customs of local Jewish women of her time. She wore a simple, loose-fitting garment that covered her body and a head covering, particularly when in public. Throughout her life, she remained a humble and modest servant of God.

 

Although Maryam’s (p.b.u.h.) exact age is not disclosed in either the Bible or the Quran, both affirm that she was a virgin and had never been with a man before the immaculate conception of Jesus Christ (Isa) (peace be upon him).

 

The Quran records the angels saying: “O Mary! Indeed, Allah has chosen you, purified you, and chosen you above the women of all nations” (Quran 3:42). This is one of the highest honors bestowed upon any woman in the Holy Scriptures.

 

According to the Gospel of Luke, the Angel Gabriel appeared to Mary (p.b.u.h.) and announced that she would miraculously conceive a son. Mary (p.b.u.h.) asked, “How will this be, since I am a virgin?” Gabriel replied that the Holy Spirit would come upon her (Luke 1:26–38).

 

Similarly, it states in the Quran that Angel Gabriel announced that Allah was giving her Glad Tidings of a Word from Him. Maryam (p.b.u.h.) asked, “How can I have a son when no man has touched me?” The angel replied, “Thus Allah creates what He wills. When He decrees a matter, He only says to it, ‘Be,’ and it is” (Quran 3:45–47).

 

After learning that Mary (p.b.u.h.) was pregnant, Joseph initially intended to quietly dissolve their betrothal because he knew the child was not his. However, an angel appeared to him in a dream saying, “Do not be afraid to take Mary home as your wife...” (Matthew 1:20). The angel told him to name him Jesus. Joseph obeyed God’s command, married Maryam (p.b.u.h.), and became the legal guardian and earthly protector of Jesus (peace be upon him). Both the Bible and the Quran make it clear that Joseph was not the biological father of Jesus (Isa) (p.b.u.h.).

 

The New Testament records that Joseph and Mary (p.b.u.h.) traveled from Nazareth to Bethlehem to comply with the Roman census ordered by Caesar Augustus. Because Joseph was a descendant of King David, and Bethlehem was his ancestral town, he had to appear. The Quran does not mention the census, instead emphasizing that every event surrounding the birth of Isa (Jesus) (peace be upon him) occurred according to Allah’s Will and Decree.

 

The Quran describes Maryam (p.b.u.h.) withdrawing into seclusion during her pregnancy. Alone beneath a palm tree, she experienced fear, uncertainty, and the pains of childbirth. Allah comforted her, instructed her to shake the trunk of the palm tree, causing fresh dates to fall, and caused a stream of water to flow beside her (Quran 19:22-26).

 

The Bible records that Joseph was present when Mary (p.b.u.h.) gave birth in Bethlehem. She wrapped the newborn Jesus (peace be upon him) in swaddling clothes and laid him in a manger because there was no room available at the inn (Luke 2:1-7).

 

Following the birth of Jesus (p.b.u.h.), Mary (p.b.u.h.) faced severe accusations from her community. The Quran uniquely records her returning with the infant, where she was accused of immorality despite her lifelong reputation for chastity. In obedience to Allah’s Command, she remained silent and instead pointed to her infant son when confronted. By Allah’s permission, the infant Isa (Jesus) (p.b.u.h.) spoke from the cradle to defend his mother’s honor and declared himself to be a Servant, Prophet, and Messenger of Allah (Quran 19:27-33).

 

The New Testament records that after the birth of Jesus (Isa) (p.b.u.h.), the Wise Men from the east warned that King Herod sought to kill the Baby Messiah. Joseph immediately took Mary (p.b.u.h.) and her son and fled to Egypt, where they remained until King Herod’s death (Matthew 2:13-15). Herod the Great was the Jewish King of Judea and viewed baby Jesus (Isa) (p.b.u.h.) as a threat. He ordered the killing of all the male infants in and around Bethlehem to get to him.

 

After returning to Jerusalem, Mary (peace be upon her) remained a devoted follower and accompanied Jesus (Isa) (peace be upon him) on several important occasions throughout his ministry. She stood beside Jesus (Isa) (p.b.u.h.) during the events of the crucifixion and remained in Jerusalem after that. She continued to be a devoted worshipper of God and a faithful follower of her son’s message. Mary (p.b.u.h.) is remembered as a faithful servant of God who remained in prayer with the Apostles and the early believers. Her life continued to reflect humility, devotion, purity, and unwavering trust in God, serving as a lasting example of faithful obedience.

 

Mary (peace be upon her) was never meant as someone to be worshipped or turned into an object of devotion. Islam teaches that Allah alone is worthy of Worship, and no human being, statue, or idol possesses the power to benefit or harm apart from His will.

 

The Quran honors Mary (p.b.u.h.) not simply because she was the mother of the Messiah, but because of her own unwavering faith, purity, humility, devotion, and complete submission to Allah. She is recognized as one of the greatest examples of righteousness in all of history, serving as an inspiration to believers through her own character, independent of her son’s prophetic mission. On more than one occasion, Isa (Jesus) (p.b.u.h.) is referred to as “son of Maryam…” in the Quran.  

 

Both the Bible and the Quran recognize her extraordinary faith and miraculous role in the birth of the Messiah Jesus Christ (Isa) (p.b.u.h.). Christianity and Islam share a profound respect for the woman chosen by God to bear him. Her life continues to inspire believers through her purity, humility, courage, patience, and unwavering trust in God.

 

Mary/Maryam (peace be upon her) remains one of the most honored women in history.

Women of Monotheism
Judaism, Christianity & Islam

​

​ 

PART THREE

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Women of Judaism

 

​

Coming Soon
InshAllah (God Willing)

Funeral and Burial Traditions of
Monotheistic Religions

The three Abrahamic religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam - share a common understanding that burial should be conducted with dignity, humility, and without unnecessary delay.

 

Throughout Scripture, the emphasis is not on elaborate ceremonies or worldly displays, but on honoring the deceased, returning the body to the earth, and remembering the temporary nature of this worldly life.

 

The body is treated with respect by cleansing it, wrapping it in simple garments, and burying it as soon as reasonably possible, traditionally within 24 to 72 hours, where civil laws permit.

 

The patriarchs of Monotheism, Prophet Abraham, Prophet Isaac, and Prophet Ishmael (peace be upon them all), were buried according to the burial customs of ancient traditions.

 

Prophet Moses (peace be upon him) died on Mount Nebo at the age of 120.

 

According to the Torah, God Himself buried Moses in an undisclosed location, and his grave remains unknown to this day, preventing it from becoming an object of veneration.

 

Islam likewise teaches that only Allah knows the exact location of his grave.

 

 

Jewish Funeral and Burial Traditions:

 

Traditional Jewish burial customs emphasize modesty, respect for the body, and prompt burial, usually within 24 to 48 hours.

 

The body is ritually cleansed (Taharah), wrapped respectfully, and traditionally buried in a simple wooden casket or directly in the earth where permitted.

 

Mourners observe Keriah, the tearing of garments as an outward expression of grief, followed by Shiva, a seven-day period of mourning at home with family and community.

 

 

Christian Funeral and Burial Traditions:

 

After Prophet Jesus Christ (peace be upon him), the Apostles continued the Jewish tradition of simple and prompt burials.

 

They taught that death was not the end, but the beginning of the believer's hope in God's promise of resurrection.

 

According to the Gospels, following Jesus's crucifixion at the age of 33, his great-uncle Joseph of Arimathea, requested Jesus's body from Pontius Pilate, Governor of the Roman province of Judaea and the Commander of the Roman Military.

 

He granted it.

 

Joseph cleansed and wrapped the body in linen sheets with myrrh and aloes.

 

They laid him in a new, unused tomb carved out of rock, sealing it with a large stone.

 

He was buried before sunset.

 

Although his body is not there, his tomb lies in the Church of the Holy Sepulture in Jerusalem.

 

Christians and Muslims know that Prophet Jesus Christ (peace be upon him) is with God and he will return as the Savior of mankind.

 

 

American-Christian Funeral and Burial Traditions:

 

Modern funeral practices in the United States differ significantly from the simple burial customs described in the Bible and practiced by the earliest Jewish and Christian communities.

 

Today, funerals are commonly delayed for several days or even more than a week to allow family members and friends to make accommodations or travel to attend services.

 

During this time, the body is often embalmed to preserve its appearance for public viewing.

 

Funeral homes provide cosmetic preparation, hairstyling, makeup, and formal clothing before an open-casket visitation.

 

Modern American funerals commonly include:

  • Embalming

  • Open-casket viewing

  • Funeral sermons

  • Eulogies

  • Floral arrangements

  • Musical performances or hymns

  • Decorative caskets

  • Memorial programs

  • Extended visitation periods

 

These customs have become deeply rooted in American culture and often provide comfort to grieving families.

 

These customs were not part of Christianity and were developed much later.

 

These services involve numerous products and professional services which can be very expensive and drawn out.

 

These customs are the main source of revenue for the Funeral Industry in America.

 

The time and cost of burial in America is an unnecessary and expensive requirement of the funeral process.

 

 

Islamic Funeral and Burial Traditions:

 

Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was buried in the room where he passed away.

 

He was 63 years old at the time of his death.

 

His body was ritually cleansed, wrapped in three plain, unstitched white sheets, and laid to rest in a simple grave.

 

As the Muslim community grew, the Prophet's Mosque was expanded around his burial place.

 

Today, his resting place remains within the Prophet's Mosque in Medina, Saudi Arabia.

 

Islam continues the Abrahamic tradition of prompt and simple burial.

 

The body is washed (Ghusl) and wrapped in a white unhemmed sheets (Kafan).

 

Prayers are offered through Salat al-Janazah, and the body is buried directly in the earth or in a simple wooden coffin.

 

The body is buried facing the Kaaba in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.

 

Extravagance, unnecessary delay, and excessive displays of wealth is prohibited.

 

While humility, dignity, and praying sincerely are prescribed.

 

 

Abrahamic Funeral and Burial Traditions:

 

Judaism, early Christianity, and Islam all share several fundamental burial principles:

  • Bury the deceased as soon as reasonably possible, ideally within 24 to 72 hours where permitted by law.

  • Treat the body with dignity through cleansing and respectful preparation.

  • Use simple clothing or burial sheets.

  • The body is buried directly in the grave or in a simple wooden casket.

  • Avoid unnecessary displays of wealth and extravagance.

  • Pray in small groups or individually at home.

  • Pray sincerely and with humility for Allah's Mercy, Forgiveness, and Grace upon the deceased.

 

These principles consistently emphasize:

  • Praying over Display

  • Faith over worldly possessions.

 

The consistent emphasis on humility reflects a central teaching found throughout the Abrahamic faiths: this worldly life is temporary.

 

Whether expressed through the Torah, the Gospel, or the Quran, believers are reminded that the body returns to the earth while the soul awaits God's final Judgment.

 

Death belongs to Allah alone, and every soul will one day return to its Creator.

 

" Inna lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji'un."

“Indeed, we belong to God, and indeed, to Him we will return.”

REFERENCES

THE HOLY BOOKS

TORAH - BIBLE - QURAN

Topic/Question

Torah (T)

Bible (B)

Quran (Q)

Q1: Number of times it states "there is only One God."

Deuteronomy 6 : 4
Exodus 20 : 2-3
Deuteronomy 4 : 35
(More)

John 17 : 3
Mark 12 : 29
Matthew 4 : 10
(More)

Surah 112 : 1
Surah 2 : 163
Surah 4 :171
(More)

Q2: Number of times it states "Whom to Worship."

Exodus 20 : 3-5
Exodus 23 : 24-25
Deuteronomy 6 : 13
(More)

Luke 4 : 8
Psalm 95 : 6
Chronicles 16 : 29
(More)

Surah 1 : 5
Surah 2 : 21
Surah 4 : 36
(More)

Q3: Idol worship: Number of times it prohibits "worshiping idols."

Exodus 34 : 17
Leviticus 19 : 4
Leviticus 26 : 1
(More)

Psalm 115 : 4-8
Corinthians 10 : 14
John 5 : 21
(More)

Surah 2 : 22
Surah 6 : 74
Surah 7 : 191-192
(More)

Q4: Number of times Prophet Abraham (p.b.u.h.) is mentioned.

Genesis 11 -  25
Exodus 
(Primary Narrative)

Psalm
Isaiah
Nehemiah
Micah

Surahs 2, 3, 4, 6
Surahs 14, 16, 19, 21
Surahs 26, 29, 37, 60

 

Q5: Number of times Prophet Noah (p.b.u.h.) is mentioned.

Genesis 5 - 10

(Main Narrative)

Matthew 24 : 37-39
Luke 17 : 26
Hebrews 11 : 7
1 Peter 3: 20

Surahs 7, 10, 11
Surahs 21, 23, 26
Surahs 54, 71

 

Q6: Number of times Prophet Adam (p.b.u.h.) is mentioned.

Genesis 1 - 5
 
(Primary Narrative)

Luke 3 : 38
Romans 5 : 12-19
1 Corinthians 15-22

Surahs 2, 3, 5
Surahs 7, 15, 17
Surahs 18, 20, 38

 

Mentioning of Prophet Moses (p.b.u.h.) or miracles performed by him.

Exodus 4 : 3-4
Exodus 4 : 6-7
Exodus 8, 9 10, 12
Exodus 14

 

Exodus (Old Testament)
Psalms 106 : 9
Hebrews 11 : 29
John 6 : 31-32
John 3 : 14

Surah 2
Surah 7 (multiple versus)
Surahs 20, 26, 28

 

Mentioning of Prophet Jesus Christ (p.b.u.h.) or miracles performed by him.


NOT
APPLICABLE

 

Luke 1 : 26-35
Matthew 2 : 1-2
Matthew 9 : 1-7 & 27-30
John 9 : 1-7
Mark 7 : 31-37
Mark 4 : 35-41

Surah 19 : 16-21
Surah 3 : 37
Surah 5 : 110-115

Mentioning of Prophet Mohammad (p.b.u.h.) or miracles performed by him.


NOT
APPLICABLE

 


John 16 : 12-16

Surah 15
Surah 17
Surah 53
Surah 96

Prohibition of eating pork (swine).

Leviticus 11 : 7-8
Deuteronomy 14 : 8

 

Same as Torah (Old Testament)
Leviticus 11 : 7-8
Deuteronomy 14 : 8

Surah 2 : 173
Surah 5 : 3
Surah 6 :145
Surah 16 : 115

 

Remember Him in the time of ease.
And He will remember you in the time of hardship.

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Great Tribulation: Awakening is an epic tale of spiritual warfare where faith, repentance, and free will become humanity's final test before the Great Tribulation begins. As the Devil and his most powerful demons wage war against mankind, Prophet Abraham joins the other prophets in a final stand to defend those who choose the path of righteousness. Reminding humanity of God's greatest blessing.

"Freedom to choose was His greatest gift." — Prophet Abraham
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